Dr. Daniel Hale Williams (1856-1951)
(1856-1931)
Dr. Williams performed the first successful open heart surgery in 1893 and founded Provident Hospital and Training School for Nurses (the first black-owned hospital in America) in 1891. From 1893-1898, he was Surgeon-in-Chief, Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, DC. He also founded the National Medical Association in 1895 (African Americans were denied membership in the American Medical Association). As a charter member of the American College of Surgeons in 1913, he was the first and only African American member for many years.
Dr. Charles DeWitt Watts (1917-2004)
Dr. Watts spent more than 50 years advocating for civil and human rights and for the quality of medical care for all residents of Durham, especially the poor and underserved. He broke racial barriers when he pushed for certification of black medical students.
First African American to be certified by a surgical specialty board in North Carolina.
Played key role in founding Lincoln Community Health Center, a free standing clinic, which served people regardless of their ability to pay.
Joined the staff of Lincoln Hospital as Chief of Surgery in 1950. Lincoln was one of the few American hospitals at the time that granted surgical privileges to African-American physicians.
Completed his surgical training at Freedman's Hospital in Washington, DC under the tutelage of Dr. Charles Drew.
Worked to prepare Lincoln's interns and residents for board certification and convinced Duke University Medical School to oversee Lincoln's training program so that students could get board certified.
Fought along with other community leaders for the creation of one integrated public health care facility, Durham Regional Hospital, built in Durham in 1967. This led to the closing of both Watts and Lincoln hospitals.
Served as Adjunct Clinical Professor of Surgery at Duke and Director of Student Health at North Carolina Central University.
Served for 28 years as Vice President and Medical Director for North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Co., the largest African-American managed insurer in the country.
Member of the National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine, a fellow in the American College of Surgeons, and an active participant in the National Medical Association.
Dr. Willaim Augustus Hinton (1883-1959)
First African American physician to publish a textbook - Syphilis and Its Treatment, 1936. He is known internationally for the development of a flocculation method for the detection of syphilis called the "Hinton Test." Dr. Hinton is also the first African American to hold a professorship at Harvard University. He attended the University of Kansas from 1900-1902 and then transferred to Harvard, graduating from Harvard Medical School in 1912. From 1921-1946, he taught bacteriology and immunology at Harvard before being promoted to clinical professor in 1949.
Dr. Charles Richard Drew (1904-1950)
Charles Drew was a pioneer researcher in blood plasma for transfusion and in the development of blood banks. He was the first Director, American Red Cross Blood Bank; Professor, Howard University; and Chief Surgeon, Freedmen's Hospital. The U.S. Postal Service issued a Commemorative Stamp with his portrait in 1981. Drew received his M.D. and Master of Surgery (C.M.) degree from McGill University in 1933. On April 1, 1950, Drew died after an auto accident in rural Alamance County, North Carolina.
Dr. Geoge Cleveland Hall (1864-1930)
- Pioneer in surgery and Chairman of the Medical Advisory Board at Provident Hospital; Appointed Chief of Staff at Hospital in 1926
- Leading African American physician in Chicago, 1900-1930
- Instrumental in the establishment of infirmaries throughout the south
- Organized the first postgraduate course at Provident Hospital
- Founded Cook County Physicians' Association of Chicago
- Vice President of National Urban League and instrumental in getting it started in Chicago
- Active member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- Helped to find interest in financial support of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History
Dr. Austin Maurice Curtis, Jr. (1917-2004)
- Raleigh, North Carolina native
- Prominent turn of the century physician and protege of Dr. Daniel Hale Williams
- Professor of Surgery at Howard University for 25 years
- Chief Surgeon, Freedmen's Hospital, 1898-1938
- First intern, Provident Hospital, Chicago, 1891
- First African American surgeon on staff of Cook County Hospital (a non-segregated hospital), 1896
- Founded Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School for Nurses, Philadelphia, 1895
- First African American to graduate from University of Pennsylvania Medical School, 1882
- First African American admitted to the Philadelphia Medical Society
- Active in the fight for racial equality
- Uncle to Paul Robeson, famous actor and millitant champion of "Negro" rights
Dr. James McCune Smith
(1811-1865)
First African American to earn a medical degree, 1837 (University of Glasgow). African Americans were denied admission to U.S. medical schools at the time. First black to operate a pharmacy in the United States.
Dr. Ben Carson
- Director (at age 32), Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore
- Separated Siamese twins joined at the cranium in 1987. A 70-member surgical team, led by Dr. Carson, operated for 22 hours.
- Graduate of Yale University; MD, University of Michigan School of Medicine
- Described in his autobiography, Gifted Hands (1990), as an unmotivated child from the Detroit ghetto
and Dr. Karen Lynn Drake
Dr. Mae C. Jemison
Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler
(1831-1895?)
First African American female to earn a medical degree, 1864 (New England Female Medical College, Boston). Note: Controversial with Rebecca J. Cole, (1846-1922) who received a medical degree from Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1867. (Photo unavailable)
Dr. James Francis Shober
(1853-1889)
Mary Eliza Mahoney
(1845-1926)
(1845-1926)
First known African American physician with a medical degree to practice in North Carolina. He was born in Winston Salem, August 23, 1853; graduate of Lincoln University, Oxford, Pa., 1875; M.D. from Howard University School of Medicine, 1878. Married Anna Maria Taylor, 1881; Practiced medicine in Wilmington, NC until his death, January 6, 1889
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